ROADMAP for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay Essay Example

ROADMAP for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay Essay The Armed Forces of the Philippines Transformation Roadmap ( AFPTR ) are of import portion of our program to run into our aspiration to go a universe category armed forces. We look to construct a strong military. to be to the full mission effectual. professional. believably equipped and extremely antiphonal to the technological. philosophy and sociological alterations. I believe we can accomplish our vision to go universe category armed forces that is a beginning of national pride by 2028. The AFP can make these ends. by first. attachment to the constituents of the transmutation roadmap. 2nd. through the strong support of the stakeholders and 3rd. through the absolute committedness of the leading. We will write a custom essay sample on ROADMAP for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ROADMAP for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ROADMAP for WORLD CLASS AFP Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The AFPTR is based on the Performance Governance System ( PGS ) which is an version of Harvard’s Balanced Scorecard model into local fortunes of the Philippines. ( OJ5. 2014 ) The AFP instituted reforms based on the rules of good administration and public presentation excellence. AFPTR has three cardinal constituents. foremost. Charter Statement. which sets and defines the strategic way to prosecute. Second. Strategy Map which outlines the strategic aims and defines the interrelatedness among these aims. Third. Governance Scorecard to guarantee that the strategic aims are achieved and the 2028 vision is realized. ( OJ5. 2014 ) The AFP has set up three base cantonments along the manner that must be achieved to acquire closer to the 2028 vision. By the terminal of 2016. to the full mission capable AFP. By 2022. a strong and sustainable armed forces in the Pacific part. The end-goal for 2028 is to go a world-class armed forces. In mission capable AFP. one beginning of incredulity. is the mission capable in territorial defence. peculiarly capable in procuring the state from aggression or invasion. this is because of our limited resources and equipments. To turn to this job. the AFP needs to beef up security confederations and partnership with other states through sustained bilateral and many-sided battles and uninterrupted engagement in the United Nations plan or missions. Another is through scheme preparation of a minimal believable defence that could enable the authorities to protect the national involvement by discouraging and forestalling invasion or possible invasion. ( OJ5. AFP Strategic Planning System. 2014 ) Sing limited resources. the AFP’s aim is to heighten effectual budgeting. financial subject. transparence and answerability with a strategic enterprise of developing a fiscal and resource evaluation. To be a beginning of national pride. the AFP has to work hard to win the Black Marias and heads of the people every bit good as to gain the support of the stakeholders. The AFP has to develop and pass on a trade name image consistent with its nucleus values. award. service and nationalism. The AFP besides recognizes the jussive mood of making out and to prosecute with cardinal stakeholders. Harmonizing to President Aquino† This is why we are prosecuting assorted stakeholders in our peace and security attempts. The AFP Internal Peace and Security Plan ( IPSP ) open up infinite for people’s engagement in specifying. determining. and guaranting national peace and security. It acknowledges that the parts of each and every authorities bureau. civil society organisation. and even local community. are critical in recognizing our common goal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( World Wide Web. scribd. com/doc/46302366/AFP-Internal-Peace-and-Security-Plan-IPSP-BAYANIHAN. 2010 ) The timeframe of the IPSP is six old ages. from 2011 to 2016. which is designed to render communist insurgence irrelevant by 2016. nevertheless. at present. their strength remained about the same. ( Mallari. 2013 ) Despite this. Head of Staff General Bautista said â€Å"These are non our standards now for mensurating our performance†¦ we are looking at the peaceable status in different localities†¦if there is development. if there is economic advancement in the country that is the ultimate† . ( Mallari. 2013 ) Another beginning of apprehensiveness is the frequent alteration in leading. The AFPTR has adapted a long-run and strategic attack to governance. This will supply stableness to the plans and policies of the AFP which will function as a usher for the strategic precedences of the wining leading and hence will non be personality driven. In decision. the vision to go a world-class armed forces by 2008. although brave and ambitious is accomplishable. through proper execution or executing of AFPTR. dedicated committedness of the leading and strong support of assorted stakeholders. This administration model will incorporate and harmonise the different plans and activities of the AFP. With IPSP unfastened to the populace. it signifies the AFP’s intend to pull on the support of the broad spectrum of stakeholders. The paradigm displacement in relation to IPSP of winning the peace instead than merely get the better ofing the enemy will climax to security. development and advancement. Mentions ( 2010 ) . Retrieved from World Wide Web. scribd. com/doc/46302366/AFP-Internal-Peace-and-Security-Plan-IPSP-BAYANIHAN. Mallari. M. J. ( 2013. July 12 ) . IPSP†BAYANIHAN† A FAILURE. ADMITS AFP CHIEF. THE DAILY TRIBUNE. OJ5. ( 2014 ) . AFP Strategic Planning System. Quezon City. OJ5. ( 2014 ) . AFP Strategic Road Map. Quezon City.

Project Appraisal to Working Capital Essay Example

Project Appraisal to Working Capital Essay Example Project Appraisal to Working Capital Essay Project Appraisal to Working Capital Essay GOI came out with a new textile policy that outlines the direction of policy reforms to be followed in near term. The steps outlined in the policy are geared mainly towards removing the bias in policy towards the small scale sectors and promoting modernization. Technical Feasibility Location and site The site chosen for the cotton spinning unit is in Gujarat which has many advantages such as ? Project located in well developed industrial area where land availability and conversion of land and getting necessary approval is easy. ?Low labor cost ?Easy availability of skilled and semi skilled labor ?Favorable industrial environment ?One of the new textile hub in India ?Peaceful labor environment ?All infrastructural facilities such as roads, natural gas for power plant and effluent discharge facility with water. Technology and Manufacturing process The company has initiated the process of setting up world class integrated textile plant in order to make it one of the leading textile companies in the country. The adoption of new and latest technology will transform their manufacturing process into an efficient mode. NC textiles proposes to set up a spinning unit with a capacity of 52224 spindles, fully automated with almost non touch manufacturing process, automation would also reduce the number of workmen resulting in non dependence on workmen. The report explains the entire manufacturing process in detail and how the production would be carried out. Availability of raw materials Cotton: The main raw material for the plant is cotton which is easily available in Indian markets at reasonable prices. Fuel: Company has made provisions to establish captive power plants of matching requirements. The supply line of gas is already available. Power: The power demand for the spinning unit has been estimated to be about 4 MW. The power requirements will be met by installing a 4 MW gas based captive power plant by the company itself. Firefighting: Appropriate equipment and gadgets such as carbon dioxide and dry powder extinguishers are considered. Plant lighting: The entire plant area, work shed will be provisioned with adequate luminous lighting as per laid down industry standards. Further, all internal transport routes and general working areas are provided with adequate lighting. Pollution control measures The provision of water treatment plant and effluent treatment plant of matching capacities has been made to recover and recycle the water and minimize the water requirement. Financials Project cost and Means of Finance The total cost of the project is estimated to be 211 crores which will be financed through DER of 2. 2. The company proposes to bring in additional capital from its existing operations amounting to 60 crores which becomes the part of promoter’s contribution. The table below gives the project cost and means of finance: ParticularsCotton spinning unit at Gujarat (Rs lacs) Location XYZ Capacity 52224 spindles Cost of project Land 500 Building 2050 Plant and machinery13978 Misc. fixed assets2207 Total 18 735 Preliminary expenses375 Interest during construction1281 Contingency expenses335 Margin money for working capital380 Total 2410 Grand total21100 Means of finance Internal sources6000 Term loan15100 Grand total21100 From the above table, it can be concluded that the cost of the project has been estimated to be around 21100 lacs which the company is planning to finance through debt of Rs 15100 lacs and equity of Rs 6000 lacs. The DER for the project comes to around 2. 52. Overall comments on plant and machinery The cost of entire plant and machinery is estimated at 13978 lacs inclusive of freight, insurance, and taxes including custom duty. The suppliers for most of the equipments have already been finalized after suitable negotiations. The comparative analysis related to the cost of plant and equipment has found to be comparable with other projects of similar capacity. Finally, the proposed plant, machinery and equipments are suitable for the envisaged production capacity and incorporate the well established and proven technology. Breakeven analysis As per the estimates, the company is to achieve breakeven point at the sales of Rs 7137 lacs at the capacity utilization of 90% in the year 2014. This is illustrated in the following table (Rs in lacs) Capacity 90 % (2014)Variable (%)Fixed (%)Variable costsFixed costs Sales (A)10499 Expenses Raw materials3929100%3929 Power and fuel713100%713 Wages 35080%20%28070 Factory overheads24280%20%19349 Adm. Expenses20880%20%16642 Interest 1794100%1794 Depreciation 1592100%1592 Total 88275281 (B)3547 Contribution (A- B)5218 Breakeven (sales)7137 Break even (capacity)67. 98% DSCR calculation DSCR helps to understand the debt servicing capability of the company. Generally, higher the ratio, greater is the ability of the company to pay its debt. The project of cotton spinning unit will start its commercial operations in 2013 and start generating revenue. The profit that will be generated will first be used to pay off its debts in the form of installments and interest. This ratio forms a crucial part from banker’s point of view as it helps the bank to know the financial status of the company in near future. The profits generated in future are calculated based on certain assumptions which are the used to calculate DSCR (Rs in Lacs). Year ending 31 march20132014 EBITDA46955058 PAT549947 Depreciation18291829 Deferred tax liability189182 Interest19071657 Total44744616 Interest19071657 Installment18881888 Total37943544 DSCR1. 181. 30 ISCR2. 52. 79 The above table shows two ratios DSCR (debt service coverage ratio) which seems to be reasonable and it can be said that the company will be able to service its debt without any difficulty. ISCR (interest service coverage ratio) tells the ability of the company to pay the interest on debt on time. The above values of this ratio seem to be satisfactory without causing any problem to the com pany. Normally, the above ratios are calculated for the entire period of debt (period for which the debt service is availed) and the average of these ratios is considered for bank’s purpose. Management The project is being promoted by one of the largest companies in the country, NC textiles. The promoters have long experience of setting up of new textile projects, running and operating plants with complete range of textile fabrics, backed by well qualified team of professional and management personnel. The management has a good track record of execution of projects of similar costs and has serviced its debts timely. The vast experience of the management personnel is the major strength of the company which makes it eligible for sanctioning of loan. The company has planned expansion with the best technology and machinery from suppliers of good reputation to become competitive in international market. The company is also known for maintaining good industrial relations and has a very good reputation in the domestic market. Economic The project has also been considered useful for the society as a whole. The project would be creating a large number of employment opportunities for the locals thus providing self sufficiency and financial support to the workers. This distribution of income would ultimately lead to increase in saving and the standard of living for the people. Finally, the project aims to develop textiles of world class quality that will be able to give stiff competition to international brands and thus leading to the growth of Indian economy. The above section explains the appraisal system followed at PNB. This appraisal is carried out by the technical cell of the bank and it is based on this report that the viability of the project is determined. The techno-economic viability of the project is of major concern for the bank and forms an important step in decision making. The appraisal system at PNB is very crucial for sanctioning of financing facility and with the help of it, the bank gets to know in depth detail of the company and the project being undertaken. CREDIT RISK RATING What is Credit Risk? The risk that the borrower might fail to meet the obligations towards the bank in accordance with the agreed terms and conditions is called credit risk. It measures the inability or unwillingness of the borrower to pay its debt. Identification of credit risk forms the crucial part of risk management and is very important for the bank. It helps the bank in determining the potential defaulters and abstain the bank from providing financing facility to such borrowers or in case they provide, than provide them at a higher r

Development of Professionalism in new Registered Nurses Essay

Development of Professionalism in new Registered Nurses - Essay Example A welldressed appearance tends to convey a higher level of knowledge and a sincere interest in advancement; on the other hand, a disheveled worker gives the impression of being a disinterested, marginal performer (Townsel, 1996). In general, some registered nurses (RNs) have been perceived to be relatively unconcerned about first impressions because their employers often have policies that dictate dress codes and behaviors (Sullivan, 2004). As nurses move toward a professional practice, they are becoming more cognizant of how their appearance, behavior, and communication influence the first impressions of others. The first impression should be positive, communicating a message to others about the self. Initially, it communicates how the nurse feels and respects the self. Projecting a positive image communicates that the nurse cares about herself or himself; therefore, the impression is that he or she will "take good care of me." While the primary concern of the nurse may not be about projecting a positive image, first impressions are an important foundation in building a trusting relationship in a society that values physical appearance (Arnold & Boggs, 2004; Navarra, Lipkowitz, & Navarra, 1990; Sullivan, 2004). Business professionals have known for years that professional image is an important aspect to success. Numerous books and articles have been written about business attire and social skills. The closing of a business deal often relies on the relationships rather than the performance of excellent work. Because health care is a form of business, successful professionals must attract a s table, growing patient population in order to survive. Physicians have known for a long time that developing relationships with patients and projecting a positive public image helps build a practice; however, this may be a new experience for the entry-level nurse. Most nurses are institutional employees, but this does not change their professional status of responsibility and visibility. Nurses must consider the importance of the first impression, whether it is during their day-today practice, a job interview, a meeting, or a presentation. Additionally, nurses have an integral role in health care delivery in the United States, and they need to create a positive public image individually and collectively. Appearance, behavior, and communication have a cumulative effect on the professional image. The purpose of this article is todiscuss the nurse's professional appearance, and behaviors relevant to securing a position, making a professional presentation, or participating in meetings. Historical Perspective Historically, dress and behavior for students and practicing nurses were dictated strongly by dress codes and strict disciplinary protocols developed by hospital administrators in charge of nurses (Kalisch & Kalisch, 1996). Personality may have had little opportunity to emerge from the starch white uniforms and pulled back hair donned in a white cap (Arnold & Boggs, 2004; Sullivan, 2004). However, times have changed; most nursing students today are thrilled with the independence and career opportunities that have evolved for nurses at multiple levels, including those in advanced practice nursing. As the professional nursing arena

Week 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 12 - Essay Example Associating nicely with my colleagues enabled me to get the positive remarks from them during instances when the organization was conducting some performance appraisals in order to measure the efficiency of their work force. My trick in winning over my fellow workers was to initiate positive communication with them, always on the lookout for their interests, ensuring that I did not breach them, as long as their interests was not against the operations of the organization. This made me popular with my colleagues, and because of this, they helped me in instances when my work load was heavy. The only thing that I could change about my internship experience is the discriminative tendencies in which the organization uses in selecting the employees to train. The organization uses the results it obtains from its performance appraisal measures to select the employees in question. In my own opinion, the organization needs to train all of its employees on the new technological skills they should have for purposes of efficiently conducting their duties Berger, 15). The organization should have a timeline that identifies who should be trained at a certain period, and how it the organization should conduct the train. By doing this, all employees would benefit, and this would result to efficiency in their work performance (Berger, 27). Finally, in my work experience, the issue that I could change is manner in which I controlled my time. Though I used to complete my work at the right time, the problem emanated at the time in which I was supposed to carry out my work. The problem is that I used to take almost an hour, before I began working on my work, and this made me constrain a lot, with the purpose of accomplishing the work before the deadline. The reason to this one hour delay was the time I was taking to collect the materials, and solve certain issues with my colleagues. The thing that I would like to do differently is

Golden Age of Poverty Reduction Essay Example for Free

Golden Age of Poverty Reduction Essay The presentation of the article related to poverty reduction does not seem too optimistic whether the global aim was actually achieved. Basically, the main argument is that poverty reduction provides only the rate of presented resolutions to alleviate the problem. However, the real figures of people under poverty are not really reflected. As time forwarded from the late 19th century up to the present, there was an actual development of social welfare services especially in the health care sector. This prompted world populations to increase and obtain extended life expectancies. But the issue of disparity between the rich and the poor was not really reduced but worsened. The main factor to blame is the capitalists’ attitude towards profitability. They fuel growth in economies but also become the catalyst for the social inequalities to expand. To summarize the main argument, general poverty incidences could have been reduced more if economic inequality had not worsened (The Free Library, 2006). References The Free Library. 2006. Todays golden age of poverty reduction: the story the World Bank and other agencies dont want you to know. International Economic Publications. Retrieved January 27, 2008 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Todays+golden+age+of+poverty+reduction:+the+story+the+world+bank+and+-a0146175404

The Role of Computers in Manufacturing Engineering :: Technology

The Role of Computers in Manufacturing Engineering The use of the computer has had a positive impact on manufacturing engineering in many ways. Engineering is a term applied to the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience and practice, is applied to the efficient use of the materials and forces of nature. The term engineer denotes a person who has received professional training in pure and applied sciences. The first and biggest positive impact on engineering has been the use of Computer Numerical Control machines (CNC); computers were first introduced to these controls in the early 1970’s. CNC machines typically replace or work in conjunction with some existing manufacturing process. For example before CNC machines a person using a drill press to machine holes would have to do a lot of work for themselves. They would have to place a drill in the drill chuck is secured in the spindle of the drill press. They can then select the desired speed for rotation, and activate the spindle. Then they manually pull on the quill lever to drive the drill into the work piece being machined. As you can see, there are a lot of manual steps required to use a drill press to drill holes. While this way may be acceptable for a small number of holes or parts. However, as quantities grow, so dose the likelihood for fatigue due to the tediousness of the operation. There are also more complicated machin ing operations that would require a much higher skill level of the person running the machining tool. The CNC machining center can be programmed to perform this operation in a much more automatic fashion. Everything that the drill press operator was doing manually will now be done by the CNC machine, including: placing the drill in the spindle, activating the spindle, positioning the work piece under the drill, machining the hole, and turning off the spindle. CNC works from a source code made on a computer that you just save as a file on your disk and insert it into the machine. The code can be made using two different ways, the first is just understanding the code, and by using the notepad program on you computer, you can just type it right out. This is the easiest way for very simple process, which doesn’t require much code. The second way is by using computer aided drafting (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) programs on your computer.

Humans and machines Essay

The interesting feature about discussing the interactions of humans and machines is the inadequacy of language describing these interactions or the ambiguity of the connections between humans and machines. What is really at the center of the debate is how society should view the place of machines or non-human elements within human society. In addition, the application of the technological use of non-human elements in the modern machinery of war exposes the problem of how humans have changed the practice of warfare starting in WWI and how it made war evolve from a â€Å"human† experience to an â€Å"inhuman† experience instead of a â€Å"non-human† experience. The scope of this paper is to analyze the relationships of humans and machines in general as well as in the context of war. Discussion What does it mean to be human? What does it mean to be non-human? According to Casper, the human identity is not a natural state of â€Å"being†, rather it is a constructed identity in relation to the context that society gives it. (Casper, 1994) In fact, the recognition of human social identity and the positions or functions attached to it are based on our interpretation of where these elements should be placed, for example, in order to understand or define something, we place it in ‘mental boxes’ that simplify our recognition of identity and function within society. However, Casper argues that we cannot fully justify why we assign human identities to non-human elements or vice-versa. (Casper, 1994) In order to illustrate the lack of consistency as to what we call human or non-human, she uses the example of the fetus that is considered alive for surgery, â€Å"a potential human† with human qualities but also a non-human agent for medical research using fetal tissue (p. 843). Casper mentions The Actor Network Agency (ANT) movement who finds that we should do away with natural/technical and social/cultural labels, which confuses our notions of what is human and what is not. However, this â€Å"analytical symmetry† treatment forgets to explain how we interpret the identities of agents and assign labels. Understanding how and why we label humans and non-humans may help diffuse the confusion over agent identities that bother sociologists and society so much since they cannot seem to make sense of it, for example, some people talk to their car like it was a person but a car is not a person but why do some people have the need to anthropomorphize their car whereas they would call their dog â€Å"it†? Some people would insist that animals are living beings therefore that they deserve to be referred to as he or she. (Casper, 1994) Another example in our technological society is the factory worker who gets laid off and replaced by a robot. The worker knows that he or she is better than a robot. Yet, the robot does his or her job consistently, faster, and without breaks. So, is the worker a sophisticated robot or is the robot a sophisticated worker? Bruno Latour would agree on that ambiguity because of our inadequate handling of situations in which non-human entities are mixed with human agents, especially from the perspective of sociologists. (Latour, 1988) Latour deals with this debate skillfully using an illustration to make his points: the door in a wall, opening and closing thanks to hinges (non-human element) and a human door keeper who has been assigned to close the door each time it is opened. He argues that ‘the hinge always does its work’, precise and consistent while at some time, the human doorkeeper may falter. So, the door keeper could be replaced by a non-human element the ‘door keeper number 2’ to prevent the faltering. The fact that we call the non-human element the door keeper even though it is not human, shows that we do not have ascribed what Latour calls â€Å"a coherent vocabulary† to distinguish humans from non-humans. Thus, his conclusion (p. 310) is that the reason why we have not done that is because â€Å"the delegation of competences and our social interactions imply the participation of non-humans. † The confusion is that non-humans exist within a context of figurative/non-figurative speech, not a human/non-human context. In essence, that is why we anthropomorphize our car. (Latour, 1988) Consequently, it seems that our lives are intimately intertwined with the use of technology, machines, and other tools, including robots as well as computers that all are non-human agents indispensable to our way of life. In fact, one particular illustration of such a reasonable conclusion can be found with computer hackers who, for the most part, are not considered part of ‘normal functioning society. ’ Sherry Turckle investigated MIT A. I. lab students who also are considered hackers. The main recurring idea among these students (almost exclusively male) is the fear of social interactions with other people due to a lack of trust or understanding of social interactions. Hackers are known to be loners and self-admittedly feel in control of their computer and its actions. In fact, on p. 212, this one student states: â€Å"computers have become an extension of my mind. † (Turckle, ) Their self-esteem, their existence become defined only through their medium, resulting in a gradual elimination of life experiences that paralyze them, adding to their needs to mask their personal fears of the world that exists beyond their machine. (p. 208) In contrast, there are people who even today cannot use a computer because they are afraid of revealing to others their lack of computer knowledge that has become essential in our modern society. Some may get help to improve their computer skills whereas others become so angry with the machine, taking their anger, originating from their own lack of confidence in learning new things, onto this ‘stupid’ machine; some may even become technophobic. Unfortunately for our society, science and technology have been used for warfare. Historically, wars always needed improvement in their methods of killing. As a consequence, the development of technology became a part of warfare while its propaganda glorified science and technology as the agents of victory. (Virillio, 1988) (Delanda, ) This became especially true as scientific knowledge evolved in physics, engineering, and chemistry. When WWI broke out in 1914, the weapons available then were the first of their kinds, the most inhuman of their kinds, killing many soldiers remotely: either gassing soldiers with the deadly gas phosgene or using machine guns or canons with an extended range to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible. (Visvanathan, ) In WWII, planes, tanks, and ships became more and more sophisticated with technological advances like radar and sonar. The advent of using nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki horrified the scientists who naively believed that their work would be used to deter, not to destroy. (Kaempffert, 1941) â€Å"Fat Man† and â€Å"Little Boy† were dropped on these two Japanese cities; ironically, these two deadly bombs were named as if they were human themselves. To the Japanese, the nuclear catastrophe and its aftermath on the population promoted the creation of the character â€Å"Godzilla†, a pre-historic mutant monster. With the Cold War, more weapons gradually became stealth weapons instead of ‘front’ weapons. Nowadays, machines have turned into non-human extensions of their makers or rather their military masters, for example, long-range surveying equipment on satellites allowing spying activities on neighboring nations. Yet, is it appropriate to say ‘non-human’ when modern weapons like continental missiles can kill so horribly and from the comfort of a military base on the other side of the world? The military is relying on technology more than ever by using computers, artificial intelligence research, simulation modules that mimic a battlefield or even war video games whose graphics have been rendered so life-like that video gamers who are soldiers may not know reality from fiction, killing enemy soldiers without any care, as if they were video game characters, non-human or human? In conclusion, the relationship between human and non-human agents is complex but not impossible to characterize if the realization is made that non-human agents are part of our environment and society. In fact, they occupy a greater place today than 10 years ago (computer technology, for example). The key to their seamless integration in our society is the figure/non-figurative reference style proposed by Latour as it is already used unconsciously by many of us. References Casper, M. (1994).Reframing and grounding non-human agency: what makes a fetus an agent? The American Behavioral Scientist, 37(6): 839-856. Delanda, Latour, B. (1988). Mixing humans and non-humans together: the sociology of a door-closer. Social Problems, 35(3): 298-310. Kaempffert, W. (1941). War and Technology. The American Journal of Sociology, 46(4): 431-444. Turckle, S. (n. d. ) The new computer cultures: the mechanization of the mind. Book? , publisher, year? Virillio, P. (1988). War and Cinema. Visvanathan.